Delivery: Delivery refers to the way a packet is handled by the underlying network under the control of the network layer. Various delivery concepts are explained below. Connection Types: Delivery of a packet in the network layer is accomplished by either a connection oriented service or a connection-less service. Connection Oriented Service: At first a …
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Connecting Devices: Devices that are used to connect other devices are called connecting devices. That is, connecting device is a device that connects. There are 4 types of connecting devices. They are as follows, i. Repeater: A repeater is a device that receives signals and before it become too weak or corrupted the repeater regenerates …
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Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA): This is a wireless network multiple access method defined by IEEE 802.11 standard. CSMA/CA is a modification to CSMA/CD. Collision detection as in CSMA/CD is not applicable for several reason, one reason is Hidden Terminal Problem. To understand this problem, considering that we have three stations 1, …
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CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection): The IEEE 802.3 defines the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) as the standard access method for traditional Ethernet. Stations in a traditional Ethernet can be connected using a physical bus or star topology, but the logical topology is always a bus. It means that …
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Basic structure of C programming. To write a C program, we first create functions and then put them together. A C program may contain one or more sections. They are illustrated below.
Computer Threats: A threat, in general, is a person or a thing likely to cause damage or danger. In computer security, a computer threat is a possible danger that might exploit vulnerability to breach security and therefore cause possible harm. A computer threat is any activity that can cause damage to private or any data …
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Malware Malicious Software or Malware is any piece of software that disrupts computer operation, steal information, gain access to private systems or display unwanted advertising. Malware causes intentional harm, direct or indirect, to the computer by damaging files etc. or to the user by stealing sensitive information of the user from the computer etc. A …
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Software Design & Implementation Activity: The implementation stage of software development is the process of converting a system specification into an executable system. A software design is a description of the structure of the software to be implemented, the data which is part of the system, the interfaces between system components and, sometimes, the algorithms …
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Software specification or requirements engineering is one of the four activities of software process. In software specification, the task is to identifying and defining the services to be provided from the system and what are the constraints in the operations of the system and in the development of the system.
Waterfall model software process model was derived from general system engineering process and it is so called as the stages go top to bottom and while one stage of the process is complete it moves to the next stage and not supposed to come back to any previous stage.
