Resonance: When the forced frequency is equal to the natural frequency of vibration of the body, resonance takes place. Resonance is a vibration of large amplitude produced by a relatively small vibration near the same frequency of vibrations as the natural frequency of the resonating system.
Undamped free vibrations: When a bob of a simple pendulum (in vacuum) is displaced from its mean position and left, it executes simple harmonic motions. The pendulum will continue to oscillate with the same time period and amplitude for any length of time. In such cases there is no loss of energy by friction or …
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Lissajous’ figure: When a particle is influenced simultaneously by two simple harmonic motions at right angles to each other, the resultant motion of the particle traces a curve. These curves are called Lissajous’ figure.
Simple harmonic motion: The type of motion where the acceleration is directed towards a fixed point (the mean position of rest) and is proportional to the displacement of the vibrating particle is called simple harmonic motion.
Entropy: The term ‘Entropy’ is a Greek word and means transformation. Entropy is a physical property or nature of a substance that remain constant in an adiabatic process. It is a quantity that increases with the application of heat in a reversible manner. If, a process or cycle reject or absorb heat of amount dQ …
Carnot’s reversible engine In 1824, Sadi Carnot conceived a closed reversible cycle consisting two strokes. Since that Carnot’s cycle reversible because it consists two isothermals and two adiabatic, all of which are reversible process. Carnot’s engine is free from all the defects of practical engine, its efficiency is maximum and it is an ideal heat …
Postulates of the kinetic theory of gases: Following are the 13 postulates of kinetic theory of gases. Gas contains small individual particles called the molecules. They follow Newton’s laws of motion. The properties of the molecules of a gas are same, but different for different gases. The volume of a molecule is negligible when comparing …
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Isothermal process: If a system is perfectly conducting to the surroundings and the temperature remains constant throughout the process, then the process is called an isothermal process. In this process, although the temperature remains constant but the heat is variable. From the given figure, from A to B, pressure decreased and work is done. There …
Second law of thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics has Kelvin-Planck statement and Kelvin-Clausius statement. They are stated below. Kelvin-Planck statement Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law states that, it is impossible to get a continuous supply of work from a body which can transfer heat with a single heat reservoir. Kelvin-Clausius Statement Kelvin-Clausius statement …
First Law of Thermodynamics: The first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of heat given to a system is equal to the sum of the increase in the internal energy of the system and the external work done. Explanation When the whole of the work done is used in producing heat or vice versa …
